#Carbondioxide levels in atmosphere break new records in human history
We know #netzero #emission will help us limit global temperature increases. Why are they not priority for #politicians?
"Current atmospheric concentrations of #CO2 are higher than at any time in at least two million years. Concentrations of #CH4 and #N2O are higher than at any time in at least 800,000 years.”
Through burning of #fossilfuels and #deforestation, there is increase in CO2 of 50% in 200yr.
https://yorkshirebylines.co.uk/news/environment/carbon-dioxide-levels-in-the-atmosphere-break-new-records-in-human-history/
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#ch4
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Antwortete im Thread
Hey Wolfgang, sorry for OffTopic.
I've been searching on Umweltrat-de for information on the embedded CO2 in CCS.
You know, like, how much more gas has to be burned in order to capture the CO2.
And additionally, how much energy is required to make the solvent that goes into the CCS process, and how much energy goes into transport and storage.
This new-ish Greenpeace publication
https://www.greenpeace.org/aotearoa/story/great-carbon-capture-scam/
says "10 to 40% more energy" is required, but then quotes this surprisingly old source from 2006... https://www.jstor.org/stable/48526261?refreqid=excelsior%3Af975048a0b74cc357bf303fa24ddce1f
This https://www.umweltrat.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/01_Umweltgutachten/2016_2020/2020_Umweltgutachten_Entschlossene_Umweltpolitik.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=2
names Bongartz et al 2015 for
"Gleichzeitig sinkt aufgrund des Energiebedarfs für die Abscheidung der Wirkungsgrad des Kraftwerks je nach Abscheideverfahren , wodurch der Brennstoffbedarf erhöht wird."
I don't have access to Bongartz et al 2015. Do you? Where did their information come from, and is it publicly available?
The energy carrier used in a power plant itself is necessarily the same as used for power generation, I guess.
But the energy for making the solvent and for transport and storage of the captured CO2 might be from a different source, potentially renewable. So that's why I'd like to have this split into two parts.
If a CCS+gas power plant needs, lets say, 3x more gas to actually remove CO2 from power generation compared to a gas power plant without CCS,
this CCS+gas incurs 3x more methane leakage!
AND also 3x more CO2.
So a test installation that allegedly removes 1Mt of CO2 per year, only removes 330kt from power generation, and the remaining 670kt removed were CO2 from the removal process itself?
Or in other words, 1Mt removed leads to 2Mt emitted?
I think, this information must be out there in the public debate. Especially now when the Green's newly legislated gas power plants of 12.5GW have been increased by the new government to 20 GW.
CCS means more gas is burned. The removal efficiency is bad. The methane leaks alone are making this endeavour even worse than just burning coal.
Thank you for your help!
Antwortete im Thread
Greenhouse gas from livestock digestion in Equatorial Climates 
Along the Equator, it mainly is sheep and bovines that account for methane emissions.
The biggest producers are Ethiopia and Sudan (South Sudan included).
Reference: #GreenHouseForcing http://data.yt/
Antwortete im Thread
#Cattle husbandry emits #greenhouse gas.
For example:
* South America and the Indian subcontinent breed most bovines who emit most methane.
* China and the Middle East produce too much livestock methane in regard to their bovine headcounts.
Emissions of #methane from livestock digestion per world region:
Antwortete im Thread
Let's consider activities that force the Greenhouse Effect, thus @climate change.
#Livestock digestion emits too much #methane:
• People farm too many bovines in India, Pakistan, Brazil, United States, China;
• People farm too many goats in India, Pakistan, China, Nigeria;
• People farm too many pigs in China and the United States.
Some activities are forcing climate change
CH4 emissions from livestock digestion:
* Pakistan doubles emissions between 2005 and 2024.
* Pakistan and Brazil each emit 3,000 Gg/year more in 2023 than in 2005.
Permafrost in climate change: Models predict #Arctic 's response to global warming
When the #permafrost thaws, microorganisms begin to break down the material. This produces greenhouse gases: #CarbonDioxide (#CO2) or #methane, (#CH4) which has about 28 times the warming effect of CO2 on a time horizon of 100 years. These gases also escape from the ponds and lakes, where a lot of #carbon is decomposed as well.
https://phys.org/news/2025-01-permafrost-climate-arctic-response-global.html
#DLR:
"
Nord-Stream-Pipelines: Methan-Emissionen nach Beschädigung analysiert
"
"Lecks der Nord-Stream-Piplines setzen 2022 die bisher größte Menge des Treibhausgases Methan bezogen auf ein einzelnes Ereignis frei.
Die freigesetzte Menge von 445.000 bis 485.000 Tonnen Methan entspricht 0,1 Prozent der menschengemachten Methan-Emissionen für 2022. "
15.1.2025
www.dlr.deNord-Stream-Pipelines: Methan-Emissionen nach Beschädigung analysiertDLR liefert die einzigen Flugmessdaten zu den Methanemissionen der Nord Stream-Piplines Lecks 2022. Die Beschädigung der Pipelines setzte die bisher größte Menge des Treibhausgases Methan frei, bezogen auf ein Einzelereignis.
"
Forschende der Uni Bremen an ESA-Mission CO2M beteiligt
"
"Bei der diesjährigen Weltklimakonferenz in Baku konnten sich d. Staaten nicht auf weitere Schritte zur Senkung d. klimaschädlichen Treibhausgase einigen. Vor neun Jahren, am 12. Dez. 2015, waren die Ziele auf der Weltklimakonferenz in Paris ambitionierter."
13.12.2024
www.uni-bremen.deForschende der Uni Bremen an ESA-Mission CO2M beteiligtBei der diesjährigen Weltklimakonferenz in Baku konnten sich die Staaten nicht auf weitere Schritte zur Senkung der klimaschädlichen Treibhausgase einigen. Vor neun Jahren, am 12. Dezember 2015, waren die Ziele auf der Weltklimakonferenz in Paris ambitionierter.
Antwortete im Thread
"#India is the world’s largest #milk producer, and is home to 80 million dairy farmers. […]
"India is the third largest emitter of #methane in the world, according to figures published earlier this month by the International Energy Agency, and livestock are responsible for about 48% of all methane emissions in India, the vast majority from cattle."
AP News · India has millions of dairy farmers. It's creating a methane problem that's tricky to solve
Antwortete Benjamin Carr, Ph.D. 
Jede Menge unkontrolliert entweichendes Methan
„Unsere Messungen zeigen, dass täglich signifikante Mengen #Methan unkontrolliert entweichen“, erklärte #DUH-Geschäftsführer Jürgen Resch.
Gemessen wurde an fünf #Biogas-Anlagen in #Niedersachsen und #NordrheinWestfalen sowie an einer Gasverdichterstation und einem schwimmenden #LNG-Terminal in #SchleswigHolstein. „Grund für die Lecks ist unzureichende Wartung“.
Oh radicals, where are you?!
Meanwhile, the methane-bombing OH radicals are decreasing with decreasing NOx pollution from cars: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.adn1115
"Interannual changes in atmospheric oxidation over forests determined from space" #Shuttler et al 2024
And 7% more water vapour per 1°C warming means fewer radicals are born: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adn0415
"Resetting tropospheric OH and CH4 lifetime with ultraviolet H2O absorption", #Prather et al 2024
Water vapour lowers UV radiation from the sun. UV is necessary to trigger excitement in NOx and ozone to produce the radicals.
Particularly during #ElNino, the two factors above, water vapour and NOx, lower the OH concentrations in the tropics https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/21/6481/2021/
"Spatial and temporal variability in the hydroxyl (OH) radical: understanding the role of large-scale climate features and their influence on OH through its dynamical and photochemical drivers" #Anderson et al. 2021
Aha! I had thought that La Nina increases CH4 growth, but it's during El Nino when OH radicals are scarcer.
Also Indian Ocean Dipole reigns over radicals in India's methane sources, ie landfills, rice paddies and wetlands.
We need more radicals!
Y'all know how countries use creative accounting when reporting greenhouse gases to UNFCCC?
Especially their natural carbon sinks are overestimated regarding CO2.
I once checked Canada and Russia regarding their reporting of CO2 in sinks vs the steep increase in recent years of forest and peat fires. The reporting does not reflect this at all.
But enough of that outrage.
Here's a brand new reality check on methane emissions as reported to UNFCCC versus scientific analysis
"Comparison of observation- and inventory-based methane emissions for eight large global emitters" , #Petrescu, #GlenPeters et al 2024
https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/16/4325/2024/
It shows how the comparison of scientific analysis versus reporting by the EU is quite congruent! Commendable and surprising.
While all others write fantasy novels in their reporting.
Very happy that we have these reality checks by scientists 
essd.copernicus.orgComparison of observation- and inventory-based methane emissions for eight large global emittersAbstract. Monitoring the spatial distribution and trends in surface greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes, as well as flux attribution to natural and anthropogenic processes, is essential to track progress under the Paris Agreement and to inform its global stocktake. This study updates earlier syntheses (Petrescu et al., 2020, 2021, 2023), provides a consolidated synthesis of CH4 emissions using bottom-up (BU) and top-down (TD) approaches for the European Union (EU), and is expanded to include seven additional countries with large anthropogenic and/or natural emissions (the USA, Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Russia, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DR Congo)). Our aim is to demonstrate the use of different emission estimates to help improve national GHG emission inventories for a diverse geographical range of stakeholders. We use updated national GHG inventories (NGHGIs) reported by Annex I parties under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in 2023 and the latest available biennial update reports (BURs) reported by non-Annex I parties. Comparing NGHGIs with other approaches highlights that different system boundaries are a key source of divergence. A key system boundary difference is whether anthropogenic and natural fluxes are included and, if they are, how fluxes belonging to these two sources are partitioned. Over the studied period, the total CH4 emission estimates in the EU, the USA, and Russia show a steady decreasing trend since 1990, while for the non-Annex I emitters analyzed in this study, Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, and DR Congo, CH4 emissions have generally increased. Quantitatively, in the EU the mean of 2015–2020 anthropogenic UNFCCC NGHGIs (15±1.8 Tg CH4 yr−1) and the mean of the BU CH4 emissions (17.8 (16–19) Tg CH4 yr−1) generally agree on the magnitude, while inversions show higher emission estimates (medians of 21 (19–22) Tg CH4 yr−1 and 24 (22–25) Tg CH4 yr−1 for the three regional and six global inversions, respectively), as they include natural emissions, which for the EU were quantified at 6.6 Tg CH4 yr−1 (Petrescu et al., 2023). Similarly, for the other Annex I parties in this study (the USA and Russia), the gap between the BU anthropogenic and total TD emissions is partly explained by the natural emissions. For the non-Annex I parties, anthropogenic CH4 estimates from UNFCCC BURs show large differences compared to the other global-inventory-based estimates and even more compared to atmospheric ones. This poses an important potential challenge to monitoring the progress of the global CH4 pledge and the global stocktake. Our analysis provides a useful baseline to prepare for the influx of inventories from non-Annex I parties as regular reporting starts under the enhanced transparency framework of the Paris Agreement. By systematically comparing the BU and TD methods, this study provides recommendations for more robust comparisons of available data sources and hopes to steadily engage more parties in using observational methods to complement their UNFCCC inventories, as well as considering their natural emissions. With anticipated improvements in atmospheric modeling and observations, as well as modeling of natural fluxes, future development needs to resolve knowledge gaps in the BU and TD approaches and to better quantify the remaining uncertainty. TD methods may emerge as a powerful tool to help improve NGHGIs of CH4 emissions, but further confidence is needed in the comparability and robustness of the estimates. The referenced datasets related to figures are available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12818506 (Petrescu et al., 2024).
Antwortete im Thread
"Reservoir-induced radiative forcing continues to rise due to ongoing increases in reservoir methane emissions, which accounted for 5.2% of global anthropogenic methane emissions in 2020."
Locked paper, 2022: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-022-01004-2
NatureReservoir CO2 and CH4 emissions and their climate impact over the period 1900–2060 - Nature GeoscienceReservoir-induced radiative forcing is increasing globally due to rising methane emissions outweighing declining carbon dioxide emissions, according to modelling based on reservoir surface area observations.
Fortgeführter Thread
[…]
"L'inventaire réalisé par les scientifiques montre que la trajectoire suivie n'est pas la bonne et que les concentrations de #méthane dans l'atmosphère - le méthane émis moins une partie absorbée par les sols et par des réactions chimiques dans l'atmosphère - n'ont cessé d'augmenter.
[…]
"Les augmentations ont été tirées principalement par les émissions provenant de l'extraction du charbon, de la production et de l'utilisation du pétrole et du gaz, de l'élevage des boeufs et des moutons, ainsi que de la décomposition des aliments et des matières organiques dans les décharges."
Connaissance des Énergies · Climat : toujours plus de méthane dans l'atmosphère malgré les promessesLes concentrations de méthane dans l'atmosphère ne cessent d'augmenter, à un rythme qui s'est même accéléré ces dernières années, menaçant la trajectoire climatique de la planète malgré la promesse de nombreux pays de réduire drastiquement les émissions de ce puissant gaz à effet de serre, alertent des chercheurs mardi.
Le #méthane pollue beaucoup et c'est très compliqué.
Voici une excellente introduction par l'AFP via @LuckyetVous :
"Environ 40% du méthane provient de sources naturelles, dans les zones humides notamment, mais la majorité (autour de 60%) est liée aux activités humaines comme l'agriculture (élevage des ruminants et culture du riz), les énergies fossiles et les déchets.
"Son pouvoir de réchauffement est plus de 80 fois plus important sur 20 ans que celui du CO2, mais sa durée de vie est plus courte, ce qui en fait un levier important pour tenter de limiter le réchauffement climatique à court terme."
Connaissance des Énergies · Climat : toujours plus de méthane dans l'atmosphère malgré les promessesLes concentrations de méthane dans l'atmosphère ne cessent d'augmenter, à un rythme qui s'est même accéléré ces dernières années, menaçant la trajectoire climatique de la planète malgré la promesse de nombreux pays de réduire drastiquement les émissions de ce puissant gaz à effet de serre, alertent des chercheurs mardi.
#Gezeitenfeuchtgebiete sind wichtige #Ökosysteme, die zwar #CO2 binden, aber auch #Methan freisetzen. Die #Methanemissionen sind stark von Faktoren wie Salzgehalt, Temperatur und Pflanzenaktivität abhängen. Besonders salzige Gebiete setzen weniger #CH4 frei. Da sich diese Faktoren je nach Ort und Jahreszeit ändern, müssen zukünftige Modelle diese komplexen Zusammenhänge berücksichtigen, um Emissionen besser vorherzusagen.
Methane
#GreenhouseGases such as carbon dioxide (#CO2), methane (#CH4), and nitrous oxide (#N2O), absorb infrared radiation as it passes through the atmosphere. Greenhouse gases are measured at sites around the world.
https://climate.metoffice.cloud/greenhouse_gases.html#content
@climate @Global_Repercussions
"As the third most #methane emitter, the waste sector generally releases methane from landfill and sewage treatment. Landfilling organic waste is known to generate landfill gas, which mainly contains methane gas from anaerobic bacteria. Landfills intrinsically create an anoxic environment for the methane-generating bacteria to thrive. This bacteria consume organic matter from waste and produces methane as a by-product."
Earth.Org · What Are the Major Sources of Methane in the Atmosphere? | Earth.OrgWe take a look at the major sources of methane in the atmosphere and the available cost-effective measures to cut emissions worldwide.