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#palaeography

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Anna Dorofeeva<p>The wonderful Gerald Schwedler at the University of Kiel (<span class="h-card" translate="no"><a href="https://social.schleswig-holstein.de/@kieluni" class="u-url mention" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">@<span>kieluni</span></a></span>) is offering a summer school in <a href="https://mastodon.online/tags/Transkribus" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>Transkribus</span></a>, <a href="https://mastodon.online/tags/eScriptorium" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>eScriptorium</span></a> and <a href="https://mastodon.online/tags/NodeGoat" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>NodeGoat</span></a> from 28 to 31 July. It's online, free and open to everyone! The teaching language is German. Register here by 24 June:</p><p><a href="https://www.histsem.uni-kiel.de/de/das-institut-1/abteilungen/professur-fuer-geschichte-des-spaeten-mittelalters-sowie-wirtschafts-und-sozialgeschichte/aktuelles/" rel="nofollow noopener" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://www.</span><span class="ellipsis">histsem.uni-kiel.de/de/das-ins</span><span class="invisible">titut-1/abteilungen/professur-fuer-geschichte-des-spaeten-mittelalters-sowie-wirtschafts-und-sozialgeschichte/aktuelles/</span></a> (scroll down for poster and full programme).</p><p>Please share widely!</p><p><span class="h-card" translate="no"><a href="https://a.gup.pe/u/historikerinnen" class="u-url mention" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">@<span>historikerinnen</span></a></span> <span class="h-card" translate="no"><a href="https://a.gup.pe/u/histodons" class="u-url mention" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">@<span>histodons</span></a></span> <span class="h-card" translate="no"><a href="https://a.gup.pe/u/medievodons" class="u-url mention" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">@<span>medievodons</span></a></span> <span class="h-card" translate="no"><a href="https://fedihum.org/@DHd" class="u-url mention" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">@<span>DHd</span></a></span> <a href="https://mastodon.online/tags/palaeography" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>palaeography</span></a> <a href="https://mastodon.online/tags/digitalhumanities" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>digitalhumanities</span></a> <a href="https://mastodon.online/tags/dh" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>dh</span></a></p>
Anna Dorofeeva<p>This eighth-century letter T looks like it's running towards the reader. "Read me now!"</p><p>(We have to make our own entertainment in <a href="https://mastodon.online/tags/palaeography" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>palaeography</span></a>).</p><p><span class="h-card" translate="no"><a href="https://a.gup.pe/u/medievodons" class="u-url mention" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">@<span>medievodons</span></a></span> <br><span class="h-card" translate="no"><a href="https://a.gup.pe/u/histodons" class="u-url mention" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">@<span>histodons</span></a></span> <span class="h-card" translate="no"><a href="https://a.gup.pe/u/historikerinnen" class="u-url mention" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">@<span>historikerinnen</span></a></span></p>
Anna Dorofeeva<p>AI: I will make palaeography obsolete by automatically reading all text!</p><p>Palaeographers: These 4 examples of the letter g were written by the same scribe on the same page ca. 727 CE.</p><p>Online at <a href="https://e-codices.ch/de/bbb/0611/134v" rel="nofollow noopener" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="">e-codices.ch/de/bbb/0611/134v</span><span class="invisible"></span></a></p><p><span class="h-card" translate="no"><a href="https://a.gup.pe/u/medievodons" class="u-url mention" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">@<span>medievodons</span></a></span> <span class="h-card" translate="no"><a href="https://a.gup.pe/u/histodons" class="u-url mention" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">@<span>histodons</span></a></span> <span class="h-card" translate="no"><a href="https://a.gup.pe/u/historikerinnen" class="u-url mention" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">@<span>historikerinnen</span></a></span> <a href="https://mastodon.online/tags/palaeography" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>palaeography</span></a></p>
Anna Dorofeeva<p>Hungry little creatures eating words, in a ninth-century insular manuscript (the Book of Cerne).</p><p>Online at <a href="https://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk/view/MS-LL-00001-00010/230" rel="nofollow noopener" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk/view/MS-LL-</span><span class="invisible">00001-00010/230</span></a></p><p><a href="https://mastodon.online/tags/palaeography" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>palaeography</span></a> <span class="h-card" translate="no"><a href="https://a.gup.pe/u/medievodons" class="u-url mention" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">@<span>medievodons</span></a></span> <span class="h-card" translate="no"><a href="https://a.gup.pe/u/histodons" class="u-url mention" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">@<span>histodons</span></a></span> <span class="h-card" translate="no"><a href="https://a.gup.pe/u/historikerinnen" class="u-url mention" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">@<span>historikerinnen</span></a></span></p>
Anna Dorofeeva<p>Last week I was ill and in Paris, my least favourite city, but this was entirely justified by being able to see the Echternach Gospels in person. Made on the island of Lindisfarne around 690, it’s a stunning monument of early insular art and script. </p><p>Fully digitised at <a href="https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b530193948" rel="nofollow noopener" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1</span><span class="invisible">b530193948</span></a></p><p><a href="https://mastodon.online/tags/palaeography" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>palaeography</span></a> <span class="h-card" translate="no"><a href="https://a.gup.pe/u/medievodons" class="u-url mention" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">@<span>medievodons</span></a></span> <span class="h-card" translate="no"><a href="https://a.gup.pe/u/histodons" class="u-url mention" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">@<span>histodons</span></a></span></p>
Anna Dorofeeva<p>On Sunday I'll be taking my students back to Vercelli and Verona, where (among other things) we will be working with an incredible uncatalogued <a href="https://mastodon.online/tags/medieval" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>medieval</span></a> <a href="https://mastodon.online/tags/manuscript" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>manuscript</span></a> collection and using digital tools to investigate hidden <a href="https://mastodon.online/tags/fragments" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>fragments</span></a> inside book bindings. We will also be eating a lot of delicious pasta! Posts about this will be tagged with <a href="https://mastodon.online/tags/SpringSchool25" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>SpringSchool25</span></a> - stay tuned.</p><p><span class="h-card" translate="no"><a href="https://a.gup.pe/u/medievodons" class="u-url mention" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">@<span>medievodons</span></a></span> <span class="h-card" translate="no"><a href="https://a.gup.pe/u/historikerinnen" class="u-url mention" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">@<span>historikerinnen</span></a></span> <span class="h-card" translate="no"><a href="https://a.gup.pe/u/histodons" class="u-url mention" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">@<span>histodons</span></a></span> <a href="https://mastodon.online/tags/palaeography" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>palaeography</span></a></p>
Anna Dorofeeva<p>When I teach <a href="https://mastodon.online/tags/palaeography" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>palaeography</span></a> I tell my students that the history of handwriting is the history of people. This <a href="https://mastodon.online/tags/manuscript" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>manuscript</span></a> proves it: copied personally by <a href="https://mastodon.online/tags/Petrarch" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>Petrarch</span></a>, one of the great poets of the Italian <a href="https://mastodon.online/tags/Renaissance" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>Renaissance</span></a>, it ends abruptly at the top of a page, when Petrarch suddenly died in July 1374. We only know this context thanks to painstaking palaeographical and historical research.</p><p>Paris, BnF, MS lat. 5784: <a href="https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b84469390/f105.item#" rel="nofollow noopener" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1</span><span class="invisible">b84469390/f105.item#</span></a></p><p><span class="h-card" translate="no"><a href="https://a.gup.pe/u/histodons" class="u-url mention" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">@<span>histodons</span></a></span> <span class="h-card" translate="no"><a href="https://a.gup.pe/u/medievodons" class="u-url mention" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">@<span>medievodons</span></a></span> <span class="h-card" translate="no"><a href="https://a.gup.pe/u/historikerinnen" class="u-url mention" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">@<span>historikerinnen</span></a></span> <span class="h-card" translate="no"><a href="https://a.gup.pe/u/bookstodon" class="u-url mention" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">@<span>bookstodon</span></a></span></p>
Anna Dorofeeva<p>The tools of antique and medieval scribes - versus the tools we now use to investigate the work of scribes! (Here on a desk at the Bodleian, where I’m preparing for an afternoon of reading <a href="https://mastodon.online/tags/medieval" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>medieval</span></a> <a href="https://mastodon.online/tags/manuscripts" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>manuscripts</span></a>).</p><p><a href="https://mastodon.online/tags/palaeography" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>palaeography</span></a> <span class="h-card" translate="no"><a href="https://a.gup.pe/u/medievodons" class="u-url mention" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">@<span>medievodons</span></a></span> <span class="h-card" translate="no"><a href="https://a.gup.pe/u/historikerinnen" class="u-url mention" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">@<span>historikerinnen</span></a></span> <span class="h-card" translate="no"><a href="https://a.gup.pe/u/histodons" class="u-url mention" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">@<span>histodons</span></a></span></p>
Anna Dorofeeva<p>The Göttingen Summer School in Digital <a href="https://mastodon.online/tags/Palaeography" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>Palaeography</span></a> is back on! No fees, free accommodation for 2 weeks, and small travel bursaries. Deadline is 30 April. All information at <a href="https://www.uni-goettingen.de/de/695097.html" rel="nofollow noopener" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://www.</span><span class="ellipsis">uni-goettingen.de/de/695097.ht</span><span class="invisible">ml</span></a>. <a href="https://mastodon.online/tags/PalaeographySchool25" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>PalaeographySchool25</span></a></p>
Anna Dorofeeva<p>Revealing <a href="https://mastodon.online/tags/palimpest" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>palimpest</span></a> with <a href="https://mastodon.online/tags/multispectral" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>multispectral</span></a> <a href="https://mastodon.online/tags/imaging" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>imaging</span></a>! These amazing results, showing a <a href="https://mastodon.online/tags/Merovingian" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>Merovingian</span></a> overtext and a 5th-century Gospel undertext, were achieved by my colleague Alex Zawacki at Göttingen. I'll be presenting the full results of this and other cool discoveries in May at a German-language conference in Kiel.</p><p><a href="https://mastodon.online/tags/palaeography" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>palaeography</span></a> <span class="h-card" translate="no"><a href="https://a.gup.pe/u/medievodons" class="u-url mention" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">@<span>medievodons</span></a></span> <span class="h-card" translate="no"><a href="https://a.gup.pe/u/histodons" class="u-url mention" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">@<span>histodons</span></a></span></p>
Anna Dorofeeva<p>Early <a href="https://mastodon.online/tags/medieval" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>medieval</span></a> Gospel books often contain images of the four evangelists and their animal symbols, usually with excellent facial expressions. Here is Mark, attempting to save his work from his lion, who appears to love eating books.</p><p>Cuthbercht Gospels, p. 154: <a href="http://data.onb.ac.at/dtl/7365239" rel="nofollow noopener" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">http://</span><span class="">data.onb.ac.at/dtl/7365239</span><span class="invisible"></span></a></p><p><a href="https://mastodon.online/tags/palaeography" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>palaeography</span></a> <span class="h-card" translate="no"><a href="https://a.gup.pe/u/medievodons" class="u-url mention" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">@<span>medievodons</span></a></span> <span class="h-card" translate="no"><a href="https://a.gup.pe/u/histodons" class="u-url mention" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">@<span>histodons</span></a></span> <span class="h-card" translate="no"><a href="https://a.gup.pe/u/historikerinnen" class="u-url mention" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">@<span>historikerinnen</span></a></span></p>
Anna Dorofeeva<p>There are moments of awe in manuscript studies, and this is one - a note written by Cassiodorus himself. He was a sixth-century senator and scholar, known for nothing less than laying the intellectual foundations of Western medieval monasticism. Here he displays his erudition by expanding on a passage from Philo of Carpasia's commentary on the Song of Songs. </p><p>Vat. lat. 5704, 58r: <a href="https://digi.vatlib.it/view/MSS_Vat.lat.5704" rel="nofollow noopener" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">digi.vatlib.it/view/MSS_Vat.la</span><span class="invisible">t.5704</span></a></p><p><a href="https://mastodon.online/tags/palaeography" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>palaeography</span></a> <span class="h-card" translate="no"><a href="https://a.gup.pe/u/medievodons" class="u-url mention" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">@<span>medievodons</span></a></span> <span class="h-card" translate="no"><a href="https://a.gup.pe/u/histodons" class="u-url mention" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">@<span>histodons</span></a></span> <span class="h-card" translate="no"><a href="https://a.gup.pe/u/bookhistodons" class="u-url mention" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">@<span>bookhistodons</span></a></span></p>
Anna Dorofeeva<p>Underneath this 8th-century drawing from southern Germany is a note that says "Winithar made these beasts". Winithar was a famous scribe and this is not his handwriting! The drawing was probably made by some monks (or novices) to mock him – or cheekily to transfer the blame for the doodles to him.</p><p>(Scribes including Winithar sometimes finished books with the phrase "I made this").</p><p>Karlsruhe, Cod. Aug. perg. 182, fol. 67: <a href="https://digital.blb-karlsruhe.de/blbhs/content/pageview/14843" rel="nofollow noopener" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">digital.blb-karlsruhe.de/blbhs</span><span class="invisible">/content/pageview/14843</span></a></p><p><a href="https://mastodon.online/tags/medieval" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>medieval</span></a> <a href="https://mastodon.online/tags/palaeography" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>palaeography</span></a> <span class="h-card" translate="no"><a href="https://a.gup.pe/u/medievodons" class="u-url mention" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">@<span>medievodons</span></a></span></p>
Anna Dorofeeva<p>Has anyone seen this sign after "deo gratias" before? It looks like it might be the Tironian note for "amen", but in an unusual form.</p><p>Clm 14540: <a href="https://handschriftenportal.de/workspace" rel="nofollow noopener" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">handschriftenportal.de/workspa</span><span class="invisible">ce</span></a></p><p><a href="https://mastodon.online/tags/palaeography" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>palaeography</span></a> <a href="https://mastodon.online/tags/medieval" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>medieval</span></a> <span class="h-card" translate="no"><a href="https://a.gup.pe/u/medievodons" class="u-url mention" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">@<span>medievodons</span></a></span></p>
Anna Dorofeeva<p>In the ninth century, this scribe translated the Latin names for different types of nymphs into Old English. All of them became "elves" of the mountain, wood, water, field and sea. </p><p>This is the kind of text that was the inspiration for Tolkien's mythology!</p><p>Source: <a href="https://digitalcollections.universiteitleiden.nl/view/item/4167709?solr_nav%5Bid%5D=09481e48945883c87e9d&amp;solr_nav%5Bpage%5D=0&amp;solr_nav%5Boffset%5D=3#page/16/mode/1up" rel="nofollow noopener" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">digitalcollections.universitei</span><span class="invisible">tleiden.nl/view/item/4167709?solr_nav%5Bid%5D=09481e48945883c87e9d&amp;solr_nav%5Bpage%5D=0&amp;solr_nav%5Boffset%5D=3#page/16/mode/1up</span></a> (10r)</p><p><a href="https://mastodon.online/tags/medieval" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>medieval</span></a> <a href="https://mastodon.online/tags/palaeography" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>palaeography</span></a> <span class="h-card" translate="no"><a href="https://a.gup.pe/u/medievodons" class="u-url mention" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">@<span>medievodons</span></a></span></p>
Anna Dorofeeva<p>The <a href="https://mastodon.online/tags/initials" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>initials</span></a> in this <a href="https://mastodon.online/tags/eighth" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>eighth</span></a>-century copy of Pliny from the British Isles are stupendous. The one with the white line down the middle would have taken forever to do: the white line is achieved by filling in the brown colour on either side.</p><p>Source: <a href="https://digitalcollections.universiteitleiden.nl/view/item/4125824?solr_nav%5Bid%5D=95735198b647fd95b8af&amp;solr_nav%5Bpage%5D=0&amp;solr_nav%5Boffset%5D=1#page/83/mode/1up" rel="nofollow noopener" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">digitalcollections.universitei</span><span class="invisible">tleiden.nl/view/item/4125824?solr_nav%5Bid%5D=95735198b647fd95b8af&amp;solr_nav%5Bpage%5D=0&amp;solr_nav%5Boffset%5D=1#page/83/mode/1up</span></a></p><p><span class="h-card" translate="no"><a href="https://a.gup.pe/u/medievodons" class="u-url mention" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">@<span>medievodons</span></a></span> <a href="https://mastodon.online/tags/palaeography" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>palaeography</span></a> <a href="https://mastodon.online/tags/insularMSS" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>insularMSS</span></a> <a href="https://mastodon.online/tags/medieval" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>medieval</span></a></p>
Anna Dorofeeva<p>Huge news: the Codices Vossiani Latini, for years behind a €8000-a-year paywall, have just been made open access. This is a huge collection of 300 <a href="https://mastodon.online/tags/medieval" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>medieval</span></a> <a href="https://mastodon.online/tags/manuscripts" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>manuscripts</span></a>, many of them from the earliest years of the Middle Ages.</p><p><a href="https://www.library.universiteitleiden.nl/news/2025/01/more-than-300-medieval-manuscripts-from-the-bibliotheca-vossiana-now-available-in-open-access" rel="nofollow noopener" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://www.</span><span class="ellipsis">library.universiteitleiden.nl/</span><span class="invisible">news/2025/01/more-than-300-medieval-manuscripts-from-the-bibliotheca-vossiana-now-available-in-open-access</span></a></p><p><span class="h-card" translate="no"><a href="https://a.gup.pe/u/medievodons" class="u-url mention" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">@<span>medievodons</span></a></span> <a href="https://mastodon.online/tags/palaeography" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>palaeography</span></a></p>
Anna Dorofeeva<p>Does anyone know the history or name of this insular letter y? <span class="h-card" translate="no"><a href="https://a.gup.pe/u/medievodons" class="u-url mention" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">@<span>medievodons</span></a></span> <span class="h-card" translate="no"><a href="https://a.gup.pe/u/historikerinnen" class="u-url mention" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">@<span>historikerinnen</span></a></span> <span class="h-card" translate="no"><a href="https://a.gup.pe/u/histodons" class="u-url mention" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">@<span>histodons</span></a></span> <a href="https://mastodon.online/tags/palaeography" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>palaeography</span></a></p>
Anna Dorofeeva<p>I'm at the British Library and the charter I'm looking at – from CE 799 – may not be photographed. It's literally back to the drawing board for me! <a href="https://mastodon.online/tags/palaeography" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>palaeography</span></a> <span class="h-card" translate="no"><a href="https://a.gup.pe/u/medievodons" class="u-url mention" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">@<span>medievodons</span></a></span> <span class="h-card" translate="no"><a href="https://a.gup.pe/u/histodons" class="u-url mention" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">@<span>histodons</span></a></span> <span class="h-card" translate="no"><a href="https://a.gup.pe/u/historikerinnen" class="u-url mention" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">@<span>historikerinnen</span></a></span></p>
Anna Dorofeeva<p>On the bottom right of this lovely ninth-century depiction of St Matthew writing his Gospel, we see a book chest containing 3 codices and a scroll. This was the standard way books were kept until around the 12th century: stacked flat on top of each other in chests. Bookshelves were invented much more recently than one might think!</p><p>(The text across the image is bleed-through from the previous page).</p><p>18v: <a href="https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b8426037h/f42.item.r=%22Saint-Martin%20de%20Tours%20%20%20Minuscule%20caroline%22" rel="nofollow noopener" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1</span><span class="invisible">b8426037h/f42.item.r=%22Saint-Martin%20de%20Tours%20%20%20Minuscule%20caroline%22</span></a></p><p><a href="https://mastodon.online/tags/palaeography" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>palaeography</span></a> <span class="h-card" translate="no"><a href="https://a.gup.pe/u/medievodons" class="u-url mention" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">@<span>medievodons</span></a></span> <span class="h-card" translate="no"><a href="https://a.gup.pe/u/histodons" class="u-url mention" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">@<span>histodons</span></a></span> <span class="h-card" translate="no"><a href="https://a.gup.pe/u/historikerinnen" class="u-url mention" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">@<span>historikerinnen</span></a></span></p>