More on Bananas from North Atlantic in 2023, here by #MattEngland, Stefan #Rahmstorf et al
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-08903-5
They also wrote prose on the Conversation https://theconversation.com/unprecedented-heat-in-the-north-atlantic-ocean-kickstarted-europes-hellish-2023-summer-now-we-know-what-caused-it-258061
Low surface wind speed led to shallower-than-normal ocean mixing which enabled heating the surface more.
Less clouds from shipping SO2 were only marginally responsible and only in small pockets.
Okay. But where did the wind go?
Surface wind is impacted by jetstream. And I think, the jetstream got diverted in June and July 2023 to Northern Greenland. Due to low spring snow cover in Eastern Canada which led to dry soil – which in turn gets hotter than wet soil.
And according to
"Summer atmospheric circulation over Greenland in response to Arctic amplification and diminished spring snow cover over Canada" by
Preece et al 2023
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-023-39466-6
that hot soil in Eastern Canada leads to a High over Greenland – and a low over the #ColdBlob
East Canada was ablaze in June July 2023 suggesting dry and hence hot soil =perfect conditions for a North Greenland High, diverting the jetstream.